بهترین زمان یادگیری زبان دوم و سوم
موضوع: مقالاتArticles شنبه یکم دی 1386
خانواده ها باید تا ۱۸ ماهگی تنها زبان مادری را آموزش دهند، ۳۶ ماهگی بهترین زمان یادگیری زبان دوم و سوم است. به گزارش ایسنا، گفتار درمانی وظیفه ارزیابی، تشخیص، درمان و مشاوره بیماران با اختلالات ارتباطی، کلامی، گفتاری و زبانی را برعهده دارد، بر اساس تعریف سازمان بهداشت جهانی، کم توانی شامل آسیب دیدگی فرد است که به دنبال آن مجموعه ای از محدودیت ها و کاهش مشارکت فعال فرد به وجود می آید. همچنین توان بخشی یعنی رساندن به حداکثر توان مندی فکری، فیزیکی، روانی و کارکردهای اجتماعی فرد جهت رسیدن به استقلال نسبی است. تأخیر رشد گفتار و زبان از شایع ترین اختلالات گفتار و زبان به شمار می رود، این اختلال شایع ناشی از عقب ماندگی، بیش فعالی، درخود ماندگی، فلج مغزی و محیطی است. کودک در ۱۲ ماهگی باید توانایی گفتن دو یا سه کلمه را داشته باشد، همچنین کودک باید در ۱۸ ماهگی ۳۰ تا ۵۰ کلمه و در ۲۴ ماهگی ۲۰۰ تا ۳۰۰ کلمه را قادر به بازگو کردن باشد. کودکانی که توانایی چنین فعالیت هایی در زمان های معین را ندارند، باید توسط یک گفتار درمانگر معاینه شوند. چند زبانی در کشور یکی از ریز فاکتورها در تأخیر رشد گفتار و زبان است، طی تحقیقات انجام گرفته، ۹ ماه دوران جنینی در وضعیت رشد فرد در آینده تأثیر زیادی دارد. بنابراین توصیه می شود تا ۱۸ ماهگی با کودک تنها با زبان مادری صحبت شود؛ زیرا پس از این زمان، با ایجاد مسیرهایی در مغز و اعصاب، امکان آموزش زبان دوم فراهم می شود. ۳۶ ماهگی بهترین زمان برای آموزش زبان دوم و سوم است، لکنت زبان هم یکی از اختلالات بسیار شایع جامعه محسوب می شود که در کودکان دو تا پنج ساله به صورت لکنت زبان طبیعی بروز می کند.
در صورتی که خانواده ها این اختلال را با مدیریت صحیح بگذرانند، لکنت زبان پس از طی مدتی از بین خواهد رفت. به طوری که یک درصد کودکان در سنین مدرسه دچار این اختلال هستند. همچنین برای درمان اختلال در تلفظ کلمات پس از سه سالگی در کودکان باید به یک گفتار درمانگر مراجعه کرد. اختلال اوتیسم یکی از اختلالات گفتار و زبان در حال افزایش است، متأسفانه این اختلال پیش رونده در بیشتر اوقات با دارو مورد درمان قرار می گیرد. به طوری که براساس آمار ۵ سال گذشته، از هر ده هزار نفر، ۱۵ نفر دچار این اختلال شده اند. ۵ تا ۱۰ درصد کودکان دچار اختلال بیش فعالی در سنین مدرسه می شوند، بر اساس آمار سازمان بهزیستی در سال ،۷۳ شیوع اختلالات گفتار و زبان در زنان ۱/۷ درصد و در مردان ۶/۹ درصد بوده است. همچنین در سال ۷۳ باید ۴۶ هزار گفتار درمانگر در کشور فعالیت می کردند اما این در حالی است که تنها تاکنون ۱۳۳۱ گفتار درمانگر در کشور فارغ التحصیل و فعالیت می کنند. بهترین دوران آموزش زبان تا سن مدرسه است، چنانچه تا سن ۱۳ سالگی فرد در معرض زبان قرار نگیرد، فراگیری زبان به سختی و در برخی اوقات غیر ممکن است. استفاده از درمان های سنتی و خود درمانی در رفع اختلال گفتاری در بین مردم بسیارشایع است که استفاده از «تخم کفتر» در درمان تأخیر رشد گفتار و زبان به هیچ عنوان پایه علمی ندارد.
منبع:روزنامه ابرار
How to improve your vocabulary?
Following are a few methods for expanding your vocabulary with words you will fell comfortable using. Try one or more of these at your convenience. The ones that seem most appealing will probably work best for you.
1. Make a list of subjects that fascinate you the most. The more you enjoy a topic, the easier to learn about it. Now go to your local library and search for a dictionary of words specific to one of these topics. For example If you like baseball you may find a dictionary of baseball words. Not every topic will have its own dictionary of relevant words, but you? Once you have found a dictionary for one of your favorite topics, thumb through it looking for words that you have never heard or having found the words you have heard that you don’t know the meanings of. The sheer joy of having found the words and their meanings will help the sink into your memory. Since they relate to a favorite topic, you will likely practice and use them regularly with all the commitment needed to make them a part of regular conversation.
2. In different parts of the country people favor different words. Try picking up or subscribing to a newspaper from another part of the country. Or enlist a friend or relative from another area to join in on vocabulary improvement and offer to send them a copy of your heaviest big city newspaper in exchange for yours. Or go online and read such a newspaper on line for free.
3. To make learning easier and more productive, use flash cards in a new and more effective way to master several words at once. Instead of putting separate words on separate cards with separate meanings. Pick four words on separate cards with separate meanings. Pick four words that all have the same or similar meanings and write them on one side with their meanings clearly identified on the other. Since you will be learning the same or very closely related word meanings for four words, you will be learning four words and one definition with slightly subtle changes. This brings it all together as one task in which you learn four times as much in about times,
4. Objective words are easier because you are learning the definition of a word which is also a tangible item that you can picture in your mind. Go to a unique curio shop, specially the store or science or other obscure type of museum you have never been to before. Keep any brochures or other documentation that describes what you are seeing. Let the mental pictures drive the names of these items and their descriptions deep into your mind for recall later.
5. You learn much more by being humble than being proud. Just as when driving you should be willing to stop and ask for directions, you shouldn’t be afraid to do some digging when there is a word you should understand. Look it up or even have the courage to ask. Go on a word hunt. Write down what you didn’t understand and quickly hound that word and its meaning with your own research until you find it. The satisfaction of that one word will bolster your confidence that you can learn many other words if you want to.
Reading and Listening Are The Keys To Unconscious Communications
Many English learners believe that they must memorize all or most of the rules of English grammar in order to be able to speak it correctly. Some students and teachers even think that studying grammar is a “shortcut” or faster way to improve someone’s English. Unfortunately, this is usually not true, especially for speaking and listening. When you are speaking or listening, you usually don’t have time to stop and think about specific grammar rules consciously. If you did, you would have to speak…very…slowly…like…this! Most of what we use when we communicate is “unconscious”; that is, we use knowledge that we don’t have to think about or even know the rules for.
Here’s a very important point to understand: The best way to be able to use good grammar is to listen and to read English you can understand. Most native speakers of English can’t explain to you the rules of grammar, but they can speak and write English without any problems. How is this possible? Because they have listened and read a lot of English, and they “know” the rules unconsciously, without having to think about them. For you to get this same ability, you only need to listen and read as much as you can in English.
http://esl-advices.blogspot.com
To speak or not to speak, that is the question
A friend is making a decision that you fear will hurt him. Should you say something? You may have done so in a similar situation in the past, only to have received an "it's none of your business" look in response. What should you do? Speak up or keep quiet? Do loyalty and the desire to help require you to speak your mind, or does respect for the person's privacy require you to say nothing? Tough question.
All you'll get from strangers is surface pleasantry or indifference.
Only someone who loves you will criticize you.
- Judith Christ
Be who you are and say what you feel because those
who mind don't matter and those who matter don't mind.
- Santiz
Ask yourself how sure you are of your opinion. Do you have facts and personal experience or are you operating on a hunch? Criticizing someone is no small matter and many people don't take it lightly. But it you are sure of your judgment and can help prevent a friend from making a mistake then it is not an option but an obligation to speak up.
Do you have your facts together? Be courageous and speak up! **True friends are those who care without hesitations, who remember without limitations, who give without expectations and love even without communication. Friendship doesnt need everyday conversation doesnt always need togetherness, as long as the
relationship is kept in the heart,true friends never go apart....... ...** Sadat Moshtaghian
روش اعجاب انگیز آموزش زبان انگلیسی!
"واقعیت این است که روشهایی برای یادگیری بهتر وجود دارند، روانشناسان با پژوهش های چندین ساله به این واقعیت رسیده اند که چگونگی فرآیند یادگیری از خود فرآیند یادگیری مهم تر است و از این رو باید به روش آموزشی که انتخاب می کنیم توجه ویژه ای داشته باشیم."
احتمالا شما هم این روزها با تبلیغات مختلفی در مجلات و اینترنت برخورد کرده اید که ادعا می کنند زبان انگلیسی را به طور معجزه آسا و در مدتی کوتاه به شما آموزش می دهند. انگلیسی در خواب، آموزش با امواج آلفا، روش X، روش MGM-PLN و ده‌ها اسم نا آشنا و جدید دیگر. ما در مورد این شیوه‌ها ابراز نظر نمی کنیم چون هرگز آنها را تجربه نکرده ایم اما اگر نگاهی به این نوع تبلیغات بیندازید می بینید که اساس همه آنها استفاده تبلیغاتی از تمایل افراد برای یادگیری سریع و بی دردسر زبان است. مسلما همه مشغله‌های درسی و کاری زیادی دارند و یا خود را برای آزمونی آماده می کنند که وقت چندانی تا آن باقی نمانده است. در این هنگام همه می خواهند به بهترین و سریعترین روش به یادگیری زبان بپردازند، اما برخی متاسفانه به این واقعیت توجه نمی کنند که اگر این روش‌های معجزه آسا واقعیت داشت، الان می بایست در بسیاری از کالج‌ها و مدارس دنیا که هر روز به دنبال شیوه‌های مدرن تر هستند به طور گسترده از این روشها استفاده می شد و حال آنکه شیوه‌های سنتی آموزش همچنان به قوت خود باقی هستند و شما هیچ خبری از موفقیت این شیوه‌ها در اخبار و تحقیقات پژوهشی نمی بینید.
اما واقعیت چیست؟
آیا همه این شیوه‌ها کذب محض است؟
واقعیت این است که روشهایی برای یادگیری بهتر وجود دارند، روانشناسان با پژوهش های چندین ساله به این واقعیت رسیده اند که چگونگی فرآیند یادگیری از خود فرآیند یادگیری مهم تر است و از این رو باید به روش آموزشی که انتخاب می کنیم توجه ویژه ای داشته باشیم. آنها همچنین به این اصل رسیده اند که مغز انسان تنها با تصاویر کار می کند، به عبارت دیگر هر چیزی که شما می شنوید، می بیند و یا می خوانید یا احساس می کنید برای پردازش در مغز ابتدا به صورت تصاویر ذهنی در می آیند و بعد مغز آن را درک می کند. برای درک بهتر این موضوع به واژه "درخت" توجه کنید. مغز شما بلافاصله بعد از برخورد با این واژه تصویر یک درخت را در ذهن شما بازسازی می کند، حالا سعی کنید در حالی که به واژه درخت توجه می کنید این تصویر را از ذهن خود خارج کنید، غیر ممکن است که بتوانید چنین کاری کنید و بفهمید درخت چیست و تصویر آن را در ذهن تجسم نکنید. حال به واژه "فلخکولوبیس" توجه کنید، این واژه حتما برای شما بی معنی است، تنها به این دلیل که مغز شما نمی تواند تصویر آن را تجسم کند و حال چنانچه پیوندی در مغز شما بین این واژه و یک تصویر وجود داشته باشد، به راحتی آنرا درک می کنید.
یادگیری یک زبان خارجی هم دقیقا فرآیندی مشابه است. بگذارید یک مثال واقعی بزنیم. شما مشغول مطالعه زبان انگلیسی هستید که ناگهان با لغت جدید “peacock” مواجه می شوید. در ابتدا این لغت کاملا برای شما نامفهوم و بی معنی است تا اینکه با مراجعه به فرهنگ لغت متوجه شوید معنی این لغت "طاووس" است. در این لحظه اتصال ذهنی بین لغت peacock و تصویر طاووس در ذهن شما شکل می گیرد، و البته با تکرار می توانید این پیوند را قوی تر و ماندگارتر کنید. حال اگر بخواهید در همان لحظه یک پیوند قوی بین این دو ایجاد کنید چه می کنید؟ در اینجاست که باید علاوه بر تکرار از تکنیک های کمکی استفاده کنید که به ایجاد هر چه بهتر این تصویر ذهنی کمک می کنند. گفتیم که مغز انسان با تصاویر کار می کند، پس هر چه تصویر ورودی به مغز واضح تر و شفاف تر باشد، به شکل بهتری در مغز ذخیره می شود. حال اگر لغت peacock را بشکافیم می بینیم که این لغت خود از دو لغت pea به معنی نخود سبز و cock به معنی خروش تشکیل شده است. حال می توانیم تصویری در ذهن خود مجسم کنیم که یک طاووس بسیار بزرگ مشغول خوردن نخود سبز است، البته این طاووس به جای دم زیبای خود یک دم خروس دارد. فقط کافی است تا یک لحظه این تصویر را به طور واضح در ذهن خود مجسم کنید تا دیگر به سختی بتوانید آن را فراموش کنید. حال هر وقت کسی از شما بپرسد که طاووس به انگلیسی چه می شود بلافاصله آن تصویر عجیب طاووس با دم خروس در حال خوردن نخودسبز در ذهن شما مجسم می شود و بعد از چند لحظه واژه peacock را به خاطر می آورید.
روشهایی وجود دارند که به وسیله آنها می توانید همه لغات، اعداد و حتی مفاهیم غیر شهودی(مانند دیدن، گرفتن، دوست داشتن و ...) را به صورت تصویر واضح در ذهن خود در بیاورید، به این روشها در اصطلاح "نمونیک" گفته می شود. طبق تعاریف "نمونیک (Mnemonics) عبارتست از تکنیک هایی برای به خاطر سپاری که تنها به تکرار مطالب اکتفا نمی کند. بلکه با ایجاد رابطه بین مفاهیم تازه و اطلاعات قبلی موجود در مغز که به راحتی یادآوری می شوند(تصاویر، ریتم، آهنگ و ...)، در به خاطرسپاری و یادآوری مطالب کمک می کند."
یکی از بهترین جاهایی که می توان از نمونیک استفاده کرد در فرآیند یادگیری یک زبان خارجی است. با این روش به سرعت و با حداقل تکرار می توان دایره لغات خود را تا حد چشمگیری افزایش داد، فراموش نکنید که همه کسانی که دارای حافظه خارق العاده هستند و یا توانایی صحبت کردن به چندین زبان مختلف را دارند به نوعی(شاید هم ندانسته) از این تکنیک ها بهره می برند و بدون استفاده از این تکنیک ها شاید حافظه آنها از افراد عادی هم ضعیف تر باشد. در مورد این تکنیکها در آینده به طور مفصل توضیح خواهیم داد. اما در پایان این نوشته خاطر نشان می کنیم که مبحث نمونیک بسیار گسترده بوده و همچنین اصلی ترین ابزار کمکی حافظه است. پس بهتر است از این به بعد روش اعجاب انگیز یادگیری زبان انگلیسی را به نام نمونیک بشناسیم.
منبع: http://learnenglish.webgah.net/
Loving Someone You Would Like to Love
“One word frees us of all the weight and pain of life: That word is love.” – Sophocles, 496-406 B.C.
“What most people need to learn in life is how to love people and use things, instead of using people and loving things.” – Author Unknown.
“Love suffers long and is kind; love does not envy; love does not parade itself, is not puffed up; does not behave rudely, does not seek its own, is not provoked, thinks no evil; does not rejoice in iniquity, but rejoices in the truth; bears all things believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never fails.” – Bible, New King James Version, 1 Chronicles 13:4-8.
You’ve been told by teachers, counselors, relationship experts, self help experts, or religion, that you should at least love your family, friends, and others who are important to you. Though you and I know, it’s not that easy! It is hard to love someone who hurts you. At times you’d rather punch a family member in the face to knock them out so you can live in peace.
This article will help you to love others whom you would like to love. It isn’t about falling romantically in love with someone, though the advice can help you in that sense. It is more about the type of love experienced in a close family. I will give you a logical five lesson plan that you can easily follow to begin loving who you want to love. Loving others will bring an abundance of love, among many other great things, into your life.
What is Love?
Just hearing about the subject of “love” at times gets me cringing. Love gets twisted by society, not just younger generations who are often picked on in this area, into a form that destroys its most pure meaning. People think they are in “love” because they feel attraction or have been in a relationship for many years. Feelings of affection or attraction are a type of love, but they do not comprehend pure love.
Love gets twisted by society into a form that destroys its most pure meaning.
Love is a tough subject for anyone to address. Not many people agree with a common description of love. As Haddaway’s classic hit is titled, “What is Love?” Some say it is a willingness of sacrifice, some say its blindness to flaws, while others say it is unexplainable. Some say it is an intense devotion or affection, but that can just be neediness.
I’m not particularly fond of most material about love as the subject has a tendency to get categorized into romance, “Do nice things like give gifts and the person will love you.” Romance doesn’t describe love – not even an act of love, because romance by itself can be a very superficial and manipulative subject. Love is beyond actions. Something is at deeper work in pure love.
Psychologist Robert Sternberg developed the triangular theory of love. The theory is applicable for interpersonal relationships. It categorizes love using three scales: 1) Intimacy, 2) Passion, and 3) Commitment. Basically, variances in the three scales produce different types of love. It is only when all three are present that a pure form of love, known as “consummate love”, can develop. Consummate love is the ultimate form of love an individual can desire.
A more applicable description of love to the style of love I’m writing about in this article is explained by Susan Hendrick and Clyde Hendrick in their love attitude scale:
- Eros love is based on physical appearance. It describes superficial love.
- Ludus love is a game based on conquest. Pick-up artists (PUAs) often experience this type of love.
- Storge love is gradually built from similarities and friendship. The transition from friendship to love is often unclear.
- Pragma love is more rational than other type of loves as it is based on practicality. An extreme form of Pragma love is prostitution because of the rationalizing financial gains.
- Mania love is very possessive and unstable. Strong feelings of insecurity, neediness, and jealously are experienced.
- Agape love is selfless, unconditional, and often spiritual.
Agape love most accurately describes the type of love we wish to have towards family and friends. We want to be able to unconditionally love those who are important to us; not just when they do something nice or when we are in a good mood. It is our goal in this article to develop an agape form of love.
The power of agape love is it doesn’t change when the mood or circumstances change. Agape love even remains when the person you have agape love towards does something mean to you. It is unconditional and withstanding – almost divine. We want to, at minimum, unconditionally love our family as they are our own blood. You are apart of each family member. When you hate others, you are really hating yourself.
The selflessness in agape love we wish to develop is one beyond sacrifice. It is beyond confining boundaries and a lack of concern in fulfilling one’s needs. Selflessness is about focus, attitude, and action towards others while retaining self-love. It isn’t about sacrifice and ignoring yourself. You are more likely to hurt a relationship from resentment by “humbling” your core needs than if you were to act selfishly. Resentment is an unusually powerful emotion that builds in size when ignored.
Acting unselfishly is often thought of as overlooking personal desires. However, selfless acts don’t ignore the giver. This is a very important concept to understand. You can only act truly selflessly when you love yourself. Unselfish actions that overlook the giver’s needs, such as a love-starved wife who cooks for her family, builds emotions like resentment that destroy the selflessness in the action.
Before you can be selfless, you need to be selfish. Keep in mind that being greedy is not the same as being selfish. In mathematics and life, you cannot give what you don’t have. Unfortunately, we are taught by parents and teachers not to be selfish. I believe this is one of the main reasons there is so much hate in the world. Unhealthy selfishness worsens by its supposed solution of selflessness. By being selfless in an area where we lack, we ultimately become miserable and develop unhealthy selfishness.
It is in the selflessness of Agape love that we get our first lesson on how to love someone:
1) Love yourself to love others
Only by loving yourself can you love others.
To give love you must firstly have love. If you’re not into religion, the most reliable source of love you can get is from yourself. You do not need to approve of everything about yourself, but you do need to accept yourself. You will always have flaws that you do not like – accept it. Only by loving yourself can you love others. Consequently, love yourself to love others in order to be loved. You cannot expect others to love you if you do not love yourself.
Give-take Relationship of Love
As babies, we were entirely dependent on our parents or guardians. We would cry to get feed, cry to get warmth, and cry to get love. We wanted whatever we could get our hands onto without giving a single thing. Sure, a baby can create a smile on its parent’s face and bring a warm comfort into people’s lives, but it doesn’t give in the sense that it fails to transfer something from itself to others. Perhaps the only thing a baby gives is its regurgitated food!
As we begin to age, we become more “independent”. We can feed ourselves, make ourselves warm, and put a shelter over our heads. However, our growth and independence sometimes doesn’t go beyond that. We are still that crying baby who wants everything without giving. When we do give, it is solely on the basis that we receive something of equal or greater value in exchange for our gift.
A part of this problem comes from our teachers and parents advising us to avoid people who take advantage of us. We get conditioned to not be conned by someone who doesn’t return the favor. As a result, our giving comes from reciprocation.
The principle of reciprocation states that humans have an inherent desire to return favors. When something is seen as a favor, not an obligation or expectation, we react by reciprocating something to the person of equal or greater value. By giving we usually receive more than what we gave. Give love to others and you will receive things that you cannot comprehend.
Give love to others and you will receive things that you cannot comprehend.
Unfortunately, when we do give and do not instantly receive, our giving stops. The expectations we create are the demise of our giving. Our expectations which exceeds results makes us dissatisfied. If you think you need to receive love from others, in order to give love, you are living reactively. The more you get the more you want. Neediness disables a person from loving others.
When we love others, they in turn love us but not necessarily in the same form as our love. It is much easier to love someone who first loved us. The purpose of loving yourself is to create love in your life so that you can love. An active creator of one’s personal universe doesn’t wait for the right circumstances. The person goes and does what he or she wants done.
Agape love isn’t dependent on firstly receiving love. Agape love doesn’t have limiting conditions. It gives without receiving. Mildred Norman Ryder, also known as the “Peace Pilgrim”, nicely said, “Pure love is a willingness to give without a thought of receiving anything in return”. This gives us our second lesson of loving someone:
2) Give love without any expectation of receiving love.
By loving someone without the expectation of them loving you back, you go one step closer towards unconditional love. You become immune to the potential disappointment when others do not love you. Giving love without any expectation to receive love creates radical personal responsibility as you prevent yourself from blaming or becoming angered towards others. When you do get to unconditional love, you will permanently love others. That is something I love.
Scarcity and Abundance of Love
The thought of giving without receiving comes from scarcity which immobilizes our ability to give. Giving on the basis that you will receive creates a fearful mind. We fear being conned, taken advantaged of, and not being treated fairly. The world becomes finite in its mental, emotional, and physical resources. Scarce thinking of love assumes it is a limited resource. It means there is a finite amount of love in the world so you had better keep what you want to yourself. No wonder we keep what we can to ourselves because our survival becomes “dependent” on it.
Giving on the basis that you will receive creates a fearful mind.
Loving yourself isn’t enough. It is just one step of loving others. You need to extend your self-love to others. Giving from love is empowering; compared to the limitations of giving from guilt, ego, and scarcity. “Love wasn’t put in your heart to stay.” said the singer Michael Smith. “Love isn’t love until you give it away.”
While scarcity can work against us in loving others, it can also work for us. The principle of scarcity states that we more highly value a resource when it is rare. Realizing love is scarce and that it can be lost will make you value it more. Thinking like this uses the pain component of the pain-pleasure theory of motivation which states that we do things to avoid pain or gain pleasure. It is great to acknowledge the scarcity of love and how it can be easily lost, as it makes you value love. You avoid taking love for granted.
A loving person knows their love counts in a person’s life.
Those who have experienced loved ones passing away know the value of love. Unfortunately, some people are too late at expressing their love and greatly regret not having done so. Don’t become someone who doesn’t value what is in their life until it is gone. A loving person knows their love counts in a person’s life. Gratitude gives us our third lesson to love someone:
3) Be grateful for everything in your past and present.
Transforming Pain Into Pleasure
If you have trouble feeling grateful, something that always helps me feel grateful is thinking about the meaning of “appreciate”. To appreciate is to increase in value. Therefore, to be grateful for everything in your past and present you need to increase your feelings of value towards your experiences and the world around you.
You will need to overcome feelings of anger, blame, and resentment first before you can feel grateful and begin loving those who hurt you. When you experience these feelings, you fight an uphill battle that discourages you from loving the person who “caused” you these feelings. Remove the pain to experience the gain. Eliminating emotional pain gives us our fourth lesson on how to love someone:
4) Remove anger, blame, and resentment to make love possible.
Any anger or blame you experience towards someone is a sign that you lack radical personal responsibility. Men who complain that women are “bitches”, and women who complain that men are “jerks”, are examples of those who need to accept radical personal responsibility. Once you accept radical personal responsibility, you no longer blame others and possess feelings of anger towards people.
Recently I was blaming something for making me stay up late which left me feeling tired and unproductive the following day. My youngest brother who is thirteen said, “Josh, don’t blame. You had a choice and you choose to stay up late.” Yikes! What a profound statement that caught me in my tracks. Hearing this shifted the responsibility onto myself, and made me proud of my brother!
Will this technique of accepting radical personal responsibility remove all your anger? No. You will feel anger towards someone sooner or later, but that is just a sign that you lack personal responsibility again. Every second we make a choice as to how we respond to the world. Use your Higher Self, the part of you which gets you acting beyond everyday annoyances, to help you accept radical personal responsibility.
Resentment really just comes from blame, but it needs a mention by itself because of its destructive capabilities. Resentment builds when you fail to forgive someone or when you do not take radical responsibility. Learning the art of forgiveness will erase any resentment you currently have in your life. We think we hurt others when holding resentment against them, but we only hurt ourselves.
Seeing Abundance
Here is a useful exercise to help you become grateful for everything in your past and present. You have probably heard that in every problem is an opportunity. Well, we know that in every problem exists a lesson.
Think of the significant positive and negative main events in your past and present. Summarize them on a piece of paper in separate rows. If you have a painful memory of how your parents brought you up, you could summarize it as “I dislike my upbringing by my parents”.
Once you’ve listed the significant events, write down what you are thankful for about the event besides its summary. What is it you appreciate about the “negative” or positive event? If you disliked how you were raised by your parents you could be thankful for: the independence they created in you, your new knowledge on how not to raise children, or the desire they gave you to lovingly raise your children. Seeing a lesson in a problem is difficult, and you may need to think about it for sometime, but it does exist.
People who value lessons and opportunities, instead of seeing pain and problems, are sometimes accused of being delusional. Negativity and pain isn’t any more real than positiveness and pleasure. You have a choice as to whether you want to be grateful for everything in your past and present – every moment of your life. Being grateful for everything in your past and present removes pain. It makes you aware of the wonderful abundance in your life that you have been blinded from. This gives us our fifth and last lesson on how to love someone:
5) See abundance and you will be exposed to an abundance of love.
Love is everywhere we go. It is your choice as to whether you see it. Make the choice to see love everywhere to fulfill your most fundamental emotional need of being loved. “Only when we give joyfully, without hesitation or thought of gain,” says love expert Leo Buscaglia, “can we truly know what love means.” That is love.
© 2006-2008 EarthlingCommunication.com
Bees buzz; they go bzzz.
Birds chirp; they go tweet tweet.
Cats mew; they go meow.
Chicks go peep peep.
Cows low; they go moo.
Crows caw.
Cuckoos go cuckoo.
Dogs bark; they go bow wow or arf or woof.
Donkeys bray; they go hee-haw.
Doves coo.
Ducks quack; they go quack quack.
Frogs croak; they go ribbit.
Geese honk.
Hens cackle and cluck.
Horses neigh or whinney.
Hyenas laugh.
Lions roar.
Mice squeak.
Owls hoot; they go hoo.
Pigs grunt; they go oink oink.
Roosters crow; they go cock-a-doodle-doo.
Sheep and goats bleat; they go baaah.
Turkeys go gobble gobble.
Wolves howl.
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Groups of animals
A |
A herd of antelope |
B |
A culture of bacteria |
C |
An army of caterpillars |
D |
A cow |
E |
A clutch of eggs |
F |
A business or fesnyng of ferrets |
G |
A flock, gaggle or skein (in flight) of geese |
H |
A down or husk of hares |
J |
A smack of jellyfish |
K |
A troop or mob of kangaroos |
L |
An ascension or exaultation of larks |
M |
A tiding of magpies |
O |
A parliament of owls |
P |
A company of parrots |
Q |
A covey or bevy of quail |
R |
A nest of rabbits |
S |
A herd or pod of seals |
T |
A spring of teal |
W |
A pod of walrus |
Source: Did You Know?
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What animal young are called
Antelope - calf |
Fish - fry |
Pig - piglet, shoat, farrow, suckling |
Source: Did You Know?
